cognitive-biases - Concepts

Explore concepts tagged with "cognitive-biases"

Total concepts: 67

Concepts

Action Bias - The tendency to favor action over inaction, even when doing nothing would produce better outcomes.
Affect Heuristic - Making judgments based on current emotions rather than objective analysis.
Anchoring Bias - Over-relying on the first piece of information encountered.
Anchoring - The cognitive bias where people rely heavily on the first piece of information they encounter.
Authority Bias - The tendency to attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure.
Availability Cascade - A self-reinforcing cycle where a belief gains credibility simply because it is repeated and widely discussed.
Availability Heuristic - Judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind.
Bandwagon Effect - The tendency to adopt behaviors or beliefs because many others do.
Base Rate Neglect - The tendency to ignore general statistical information in favor of specific case details when making judgments.
Base Rate - The underlying probability of an event before considering specific evidence or conditions.
Belief System Defenses - The subconscious or conscious creation of narratives to protect our beliefs and self-image.
Bias Blind Spot - The cognitive bias of recognizing biases in others while failing to see them in oneself.
Catastrophizing - A cognitive distortion involving irrational thoughts that something is far worse than it actually is.
Clustering Illusion - Seeing patterns in random data, such as 'hot streaks' in random sequences.
Cognitive Dissonance - The mental discomfort from holding contradictory beliefs or behaving inconsistently with beliefs.
Coherence Bias - The tendency to construct consistent narratives even when reality is more complex.
Confirmation Bias - The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.
Curse of Knowledge - The cognitive bias where experts assume others share their knowledge, making it hard to explain things simply.
Decoy Effect - Adding an inferior option makes another option more attractive by comparison.
Dunning-Kruger Effect - Cognitive bias where novices overestimate and experts underestimate their abilities.
Effort Justification - A cognitive bias where people value outcomes more when they required significant effort to achieve.
Einstellung Effect - The tendency to apply familiar solutions even when better alternatives exist.
Endowment Effect - Overvaluing things simply because we own them.
Failure Attribution - The explanations people create for why failures occurred, affecting learning and future behavior.
Fighting Recency Bias - Strategies to counteract the tendency to overweight recent information in decisions.
Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) - Anxiety that others are having rewarding experiences you're missing.
Framing Effect - How the presentation of information affects decision-making.
Fundamental Attribution Error - Overemphasizing personality and underemphasizing situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
Gambler's Fallacy - The mistaken belief that past random events affect future probabilities.
Halo Effect - A cognitive bias where positive impressions in one area influence perceptions in unrelated areas.
Hindsight Bias - The tendency to see past events as having been predictable.
Hot-Hand Fallacy - Believing that a person who has experienced success has a greater chance of further success.
Hyperbolic Discounting - Preferring smaller immediate rewards over larger future rewards.
IKEA Effect - Placing disproportionately high value on things we partially created ourselves.
Illusion of Control - Believing we can control or influence outcomes that we actually cannot.
In-Group Bias - Favoring members of one's own group over outsiders.
Loss Aversion - The pain of losing is psychologically stronger than the pleasure of gaining.
Mere Exposure Effect - The tendency to develop preferences for things simply because we are familiar with them.
Mulder Effect - The tendency to believe extraordinary claims without sufficient evidence, named after the X-Files character.
Narrative Fallacy - The tendency to create overly coherent stories from random or complex events.
Negativity Bias - The tendency to give more weight to negative experiences than positive ones of equal intensity.
Novelty Bias - Disproportionate attraction to new information over established knowledge.
Omission Bias - Judging harmful actions as worse than equally harmful inactions.
Optimism Bias - The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes and underestimate negative ones.
Outcome Bias - Judging decisions by their outcomes rather than the quality of the decision-making process.
Past Performance Fallacy - The principle that historical results and past successes do not guarantee or reliably predict future outcomes.
Peak-End Rule - We judge experiences based on their most intense moment and how they end, not their average.
Perceptual Set - How expectations, experiences, and context influence what we perceive.
Planning Fallacy Mitigation - Strategies and techniques to combat the tendency to underestimate time, costs, and complexity in planning.
Planning Fallacy - The tendency to underestimate time, costs, and risks while overestimating benefits.
Recency Bias - The tendency to overweight recent information in decision-making.
Reciprocity Bias - The cognitive tendency to feel obligated to return favors, even when disproportionate.
Representativeness Heuristic - Judging probability by similarity to prototypes rather than by actual statistical likelihood.
Rosy Retrospection - Remembering past events more positively than they actually were.
Scarcity - The psychological principle that limited availability increases perceived value.
Scully Effect - The tendency to dismiss or ignore important discoveries because they seem mundane or boring.
Selection Bias - Distortion in analysis caused by non-random sampling or systematic exclusion of data.
Self-Serving Bias - Attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.
Small Sample Fallacy - The error of drawing strong conclusions from insufficient data.
Social Proof - The psychological tendency to follow the actions and choices of others.
Spotlight Effect - Overestimating how much others notice our appearance or behavior.
Status Quo Bias - Preference for the current state of affairs over change.
Sunk Cost Effect - The tendency to continue an endeavor because of past investment, regardless of future value.
Sunk Cost Fallacy - Continuing investments due to past costs that cannot be recovered.
Survivorship Bias - Focusing on successful examples while ignoring failures that didn't survive.
Unconscious Bias Training - Educational programs designed to help people recognize and reduce implicit biases.
Zero-Risk Bias - Preferring to eliminate a small risk entirely over a greater reduction of a larger risk.

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