KPIs
Key Performance Indicators that measure progress toward important objectives.
Also known as: Key Performance Indicators, Performance Metrics, Business Metrics
Category: Techniques
Tags: metrics, management, performance, strategy, measurement, data-driven
Explanation
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are quantifiable measurements used to evaluate the success of an organization, team, or individual in achieving objectives. They provide focus, accountability, and a basis for data-driven decisions.
Characteristics of effective KPIs:
1. Aligned - Connected to strategic objectives
2. Measurable - Quantifiable with clear data sources
3. Actionable - Team can influence the outcome
4. Timely - Measured with appropriate frequency
5. Simple - Easy to understand and communicate
Types of KPIs:
**Leading indicators** - Predict future performance
- Pipeline value (predicts revenue)
- Customer engagement (predicts retention)
- Training completion (predicts capability)
**Lagging indicators** - Measure outcomes
- Revenue achieved
- Customer churn rate
- Employee turnover
Examples by function:
**Sales:** Revenue, conversion rate, deal size, sales cycle length
**Marketing:** CAC, leads generated, website traffic, brand awareness
**Engineering:** Deployment frequency, defect rate, uptime, velocity
**Customer Success:** NPS, churn rate, expansion revenue, time-to-value
**HR:** Employee engagement, retention rate, time-to-hire
Best practices:
- Limit to 5-7 KPIs per team/area (focus matters)
- Balance leading and lagging indicators
- Review and update regularly (KPIs can become stale)
- Visualize on dashboards for transparency
- Understand the tradeoffs between metrics
Pitfalls to avoid:
- Vanity metrics that don't drive decisions
- Gaming - optimizing the metric, not the outcome
- Too many KPIs (losing focus)
- Ignoring qualitative context
- Setting and forgetting
KPIs work best when combined with a goal-setting framework like OKRs - KPIs provide the ongoing health metrics while OKRs drive change and improvement.
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